Empedocles & the Modern Human

Alright, so this is going to go a little bit differently this time. Usually I write these little entries with more of a expository quality to them, but the combination of ideas created in my mind is so fresh that its' want to be written was strong enough to stave off the sands of sleep. I found this comparison to be a useful tool in time of turmoil, such as the one we currently seem to be living nationally, if not globally.

First, facts. But this time instead of facts we are working with ideas. Read further only with a slight suspension of ordinary person biases, and the concrete logistics of the modern world.

There once lived a man in Acragas, a city on the southern coast of the island of Sicily. He was a bright man, and enjoyed both science and politics. This, as it usually did in those days, led to a rival political faction exiling him, starting his life as a wandering sage. He is said to have performed miracles. His mysticism hiding whether by science or magic. I'll let you decided which. He eventually met his end, by choice, inside a volcano. Or so it is said. Nevertheless, in his wanderings he mused and thought. He taught that air was a separate substance by holding a bucket upside down in water, and even extrapolated this to explain respiration.

This man believed in the four elements; earth, air, fire, and water, and that each of these things was everlasting and could be combines in different mixtures to produce the phenomenal world, that which humans observe. This mixtures, 'governed by chance and necessity' (B.Russell; History of Western Philosophy : p.55), were constantly combined and separated by the forces of love and strife. In this cycle, love combined while strife separated.

While I hope a sharpened mind, without bias would find this to be [phenomenologically] outrageous. It is sometimes important in times of great chaos and fear-mongering to allow some belief in what is outrageous.

As cliche and soft as it sounds we must find this love in ourselves to combine, to lose sight of the separating strife and honor this love by finding the similarity. By uniting our common aspirations and spreading this anti-poison to reverse the effects of bigotry and small-minded selfishness.

Seeing the news and observing the act that we put on the worlds stage, I know that we must do it soon if we are going to fulfill the oath of our forefathers and foremothers. To honor our fallen, those who gave everything to fight against subversion and for liberty. We must do this if we are to make a world that our children can, or will want to, live in. A place where all humans are created equal.

So, show love. Even in the most insignificant ways, you can cultivate a combination. Hold doors. Say please and thank you. Use your blinkers. Listen more than talk. Help a neighbor. Look for the similarity, and allow your love to bring the world forward out of chaos and just maybe others will follow.

Anaximander, "The Boundless"

"What is infinite is something other than the elements, and from it the elements arise." 

-Anaximander on arche

Living in Miletus, as a possible student of Thales, Anaximander was the first to deeply study geography as well as his teacher. He also is honored as one of the first metaphysicians in his creation of 'the Boundless' or 'the Unlimited'. This was an entity without origin, it's lack of a limit lead Anaximader to believe it was a thing unborn and immortal. This is a strange and wonderful new idea for the Greeks. 

He also brought forth many ideas in the realm of astronomy;

1. The celestial bodies pass under the earth in full circles.
2. The Earth floats free and unsupported
3. The celestial bodies lie behind one another.

While these ideas are something that one may teach a child, it is all thanks to Anaximander that we even have such a broad view. In his time it was revolutionary. The focus shifts to a cosmological view, an impression that the universe (not just the Earth) is an unbound and impersonal cause. This idea stays in philosophy for generations, spoiler alert, and even is analogous to current Buddhist belief, (see: my previous post).

Anaximader's 'boundless' is revolutionary in that it postulates something outside, something always greater out there, limitless, immortal, and completely unsupported. Not only is it all of these combined, but it also supports everything in turn. This principle reminds me of simultaneously current (quantum) physics and the Christian 'God'.

Anaximander was also the first one to create a sort of map of the world, heavily simplified. You can see that below, bonus points if you can guess what city is closest to the center.

Thoughts:

Is the 'arche', in your mind, immortal? Boundless?

Would you consider Anaximander a founding Metaphysician?